Which of the following solvents favor SN2 reactions?
Correct answer: C. Carbon tetrachloride
- A. Water
- B. Ammonia
- C. Carbon tetrachloride
- D. Acetic acid
Explanation
OPTIONS A, B, and D:Polar Protic solvents are polar solvents that have at least 1 hydrogen that is connected directly to a particular electronegative atom such as O-H, N-H, etc., and are capable of forming hydrogen bonds with the solute. Here SN1 reactions are faster and SN2 reactions are comparatively slower.Examples of polar protic solvents are water, ethanol, ammonia, HF, acetic acid, etc.OPTION C:The SN2 reaction is favored by polar aprotic solvents. In aprotic solvents, SN2 reactions are faster whereas SN1 reactions are comparatively slow. Polar aprotic solvents are unable to form hydrogen bonds as they do not have any hydrogen atoms bonded with more electronegative atoms like O, N, and F. They do not have acidic protons.Examples of polar aprotic solvents are Acetone, Ethers as well as Chloroform. Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) has non-polar covalent bonds between carbon and chlorine and is an aprotic solvent.Hence, C is the correct option
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About Alkyl Halides
Alkyl halides are named and related to their carbon-halogen structure, polarity and reactivity. The key reactions are nucleophilic substitution by SN1 and SN2 mechanisms and elimination by E1 and E2 mechanisms, including how substrate structure, nucleophile, base, solvent and temperature influence substitution versus elimination.
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