Which of the following is correct about the radius of species?
Correct answer: D. All of the above
- A. Al = Ga
- B. Zr = Hf
- C. Fe3+ < Fe2+ < Fe+
- D. All of the above
Explanation
All the options are correct, hence the choice 'All of the above' is the right answer. Option A is correct because the poor shielding effect of d-orbitals in gallium results in radii similar to aluminum. Option B is correct due to the lanthanide contraction which causes Zr and Hf to have similar radii. Option C is correct as the order of ionic radii is determined by the ionic charge; the greater the positive charge, the smaller the radius. Understanding these concepts helps explain why these species have the radii relationships described.
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About Periodic Properties and Trends
Periodic properties arise from electron configuration and effective nuclear charge, producing trends in atomic and ionic radius, ionization energy, electron affinity, electronegativity, metallic character and reactivity. Comparisons run across periods and down groups, with attention to common exceptions. The topic also relates these trends to the behavior of s-block and p-block elements.
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