Which of the following database models is often referred to as an inverted tree?

Explanation

The answer is A. Hierarchical.Hierarchical database models organize data in a tree-like structure, where each record (except the root) has one parent record. This parent-child relationship resembles an upside-down tree, hence the nickname "inverted tree". Data is accessed by traversing the tree from the root down to the specific child record.Here's why the other options are incorrect:B. Network model: While network models also represent data structures with parent-child relationships, they allow a child record to have multiple parents. This creates a more complex web-like structure, unlike the single-parent hierarchy.C. Relational model: Relational database models store data in tables with rows and columns. There's no inherent hierarchical structure in relational databases. Data is retrieved using queries that join related tables based on common fields.D. Object-oriented model: Object-oriented database models focus on storing objects that encapsulate data and related functionalities. Similar to relational models, they don't inherently represent data in a hierarchical structure