Which electronic sub-shell do the lanthanides have incompletely filled?
Correct answer: B. 4f
- A. 3f
- B. 4f
- C. 5f
- D. 6f
Explanation
The lanthanides are characterized by their incompletely filled 4f sub-shells. They range from lanthanum (atomic number 57) to lutetium (atomic number 71). The 4f sub-shell can hold up to 14 electrons, and the lanthanides progressively fill this sub-shell. The 3f sub-shell does not exist, the 5f sub-shell is associated with actinides, and the 6f sub-shell is hypothetical and not part of any known series.
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Electron configurations divide elements into s, p, d and f blocks according to the subshell receiving the last electron. Work includes the positions, valence-shell configurations and general properties of s-block and p-block elements, along with periodic trends in atomic size, ionisation energy, electron affinity and electronegativity.
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