Which constitutional principle in Pakistan prevents a person from being punished for an act that was not an offence when it was committed?
Correct answer: A. Protection against retrospective punishment
- A. Protection against retrospective punishment
- B. Protection against double jeopardy
- C. Protection against self-incrimination
- D. Protection of freedom of assembly
Explanation
Article 12 of the Constitution provides protection against retrospective punishment. Double jeopardy concerns repeated prosecution or punishment for the same offence, while self-incrimination concerns compelled testimony against oneself.
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Criminal law identifies offences against the state, persons and property, and explains the requirements of actus reus and mens rea for establishing liability. It also covers stages of crime, abetment, attempt, joint and common intention, general exceptions, criminal responsibility and punishments, distinguishing substantive offences from criminal procedure.
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