Asked in PMC Practice Test 14 (2021) 2021Moderate

What type of genetic material is found in a virus?

Correct answer: D. DNA or RNA

  • A. DNA and RNA
  • B. DNA
  • C. RNA
  • D. DNA or RNA

Explanation

Option D is correct. Viruses can have either DNA or RNA as their genetic material. However, they never have both DNA and RNA DNA viruses have a single-stranded or double-stranded DNA molecule as their genetic material. RNA viruses have a single-stranded RNA molecule as their genetic material. The type of genetic material that a virus has determines how it replicates. DNA viruses replicate their DNA using the host cell's DNA replication machinery. RNA viruses replicate their RNA using the host cell's RNA polymerase. The type of genetic material that a virus has also determines how it is classified. DNA viruses are classified as either dsDNA viruses (double-stranded DNA viruses) or ssDNA viruses (single-stranded DNA viruses). RNA viruses are classified as either ssRNA viruses (single-stranded RNA viruses) or dsRNA viruses (double-stranded RNA viruses).

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About Viruses

Viruses are acellular infectious particles made of genetic material enclosed by a protein capsid, sometimes with a lipid envelope. Their replication depends on a host cell and may follow lytic or lysogenic cycles, so viral structure and reproduction differ fundamentally from those of cellular organisms such as bacteria.

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