What's the difference between homologous and analogous structures?
Correct answer: D. Homologous structures result from a common ancestor; analogous structures result from convergent evolution
- A. Homologous structures result from a common ancestor; analogous structures result from repetitive usage by the individual
- B. Homologous structures result from convergent evolution; analogous structures result from a common ancestor
- C. There is no difference between homologous and analogous structures
- D. Homologous structures result from a common ancestor; analogous structures result from convergent evolution
Explanation
Homologous structures are anatomical features that derive from a common ancestral origin and may serve different functions in current species, illustrating the process of divergent evolution. Examples include the limb bones of humans, cats, whales, and bats. On the other hand, analogous structures arise due to convergent evolution, where unrelated species independently evolve similar traits to adapt to similar environments or functions, such as the wings of bats and insects. This explains why option 'D' is correct. Option 'A' inaccurately describes analogous structures as resulting from repetitive usage; Option 'B' incorrectly swaps the origins of homologous and analogous structures; Option 'C' falsely states there is no difference between the two.
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About Evolution
Evolution describes heritable change in populations over generations through variation, natural selection and adaptation. Lamarckism explains inheritance of acquired characteristics, while Darwinism explains selection of favourable inherited variations; these historical explanations must not be confused with the modern genetic account of evolutionary change.
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