What is needed to transcribe DNA?

Explanation

Transcription has three stages: initiation, elongation, and termination. During initiation, RNA polymerase binds to a sequence of DNA called the promoter, found near the beginning of a gene. Each gene (or group of co-transcribed genes, in bacteria) has its own promoter. Once bound, RNA polymerase separates the DNA strands, providing the single-stranded template needed for transcription. DNA polymerase is responsible for the process of DNA replication, during which a double-stranded DNA molecule is copied into two identical DNA molecules. DNA ligase is a DNA-joining enzyme used in genetic engineering. If two pieces of DNA have matching ends, ligase can link them to form a single, unbroken molecule of DNA. In translation, messenger RNA (mRNA) is decoded in a ribosome, outside the nucleus, to produce a specific amino acid chain, or polypeptide; this mRNA is created during transcription. The correct answer is, therefore, D.