Moderate

What best describes the hind leg bones seen in the baleen whale?

Correct answer: D. Vestigial structures that had a function in an ancestor

  • A. Analogous to the fin of living fish
  • B. Fossil structure from an extinct animal
  • C. Homologous structure of the wings of a bat
  • D. Vestigial structures that had a function in an ancestor

Explanation

In baleen whales, vestigial pelvic bones are examples of structures that had a function in their ancestors. These bones are remnants of hind limbs, which would have been functional in the land-dwelling ancestors of whales. Although these pelvic bones no longer serve their original purpose of supporting hind limbs, they have not entirely disappeared. Instead, they persist as small, internal bones near the tail and are thought to play a minimal role in reproductive organ support rather than locomotion. This vestigial structure provides insight into the evolutionary transition of whales from land-dwelling mammals to fully aquatic animals.

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Evolution describes heritable change in populations over generations through variation, natural selection and adaptation. Lamarckism explains inheritance of acquired characteristics, while Darwinism explains selection of favourable inherited variations; these historical explanations must not be confused with the modern genetic account of evolutionary change.

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