Uncertainty in measurement can occur due to theI. limitation of instrumentsII. natural variationsIII. frequent errors
Correct answer: D. II and III.
- A. I only.
- B. III only.
- C. I and II.
- D. II and III.
Explanation
Uncertainty in measurement can arise from multiple sources. Natural variations (II) refer to the inherent variability in the system being measured, which can lead to different results even if the procedure is repeated exactly. Frequent errors (III) refer to mistakes that occur during the measurement process, which can be due to human error or instrument calibration issues. Although the limitation of instruments (I) can also cause uncertainty, the correct combination of factors listed in the options that lead to uncertainty are II and III. Therefore, the correct answer is Option D.
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About Errors and Significant Figures
Measurement errors include random and systematic effects, absolute, fractional and percentage uncertainty, and the precision shown by significant figures. Questions apply rounding rules and uncertainty propagation in addition, subtraction, multiplication and division, while distinguishing accuracy from precision and uncertainty from an actual mistake.
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