Random errors can be reduced byI. taking zero correctionII. taking mean of several measurementsIII. comparing the instrument with a more accurate one
Correct answer: A. II only.
- A. II only.
- B. III only.
- C. I and II.
- D. I and III.
Explanation
Option II is correct because taking the mean of several measurements helps to minimize the effect of random errors by averaging out the variations that occur in repeated measurements.Option I is incorrect because zero correction is used to address systematic errors, which are consistent and predictable, rather than random errors.Option III is incorrect because comparing the instrument with a more accurate one helps identify and correct systematic errors, not random errors.Therefore, only taking the mean of several measurements (Option II) is effective in reducing random errors.
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Measurement errors include random and systematic effects, absolute, fractional and percentage uncertainty, and the precision shown by significant figures. Questions apply rounding rules and uncertainty propagation in addition, subtraction, multiplication and division, while distinguishing accuracy from precision and uncertainty from an actual mistake.
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