The result of carefully controlled observations of clever Hans and his ability to solve math problems showed:
Correct answer: C. he was cued by the owner looking up or down
- A. he could do math
- B. he could add. but he could not subtract
- C. he was cued by the owner looking up or down
- D. none of these could be determined by observation
Explanation
Careful testing showed that Clever Hans was responding to subtle cues from his owner, such as changes in posture or gaze, rather than performing mathematical calculations. This is a classic example of how unintended observer cues can affect behavior.
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