A friend states that since he has been taking vitamin C, he has not had a single cold. His observation has little value in assessing the effects of vitamin C because:
Correct answer: A. there was no control group for comparison
- A. there was no control group for comparison
- B. he has not calculated a correlation coefficient
- C. of the effect of the observer on the observed
- D. he does not specify his dosage of vitamin
Explanation
Without a control or comparison group, the friend cannot know whether his lack of colds resulted from vitamin C, chance, or other factors such as seasonal exposure. A personal observation alone cannot establish a treatment effect.
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