The hybridisation of each carbon atom in an alkane such as ethane is
Correct answer: C. sp3
- A. sp
- B. sp2
- C. sp3
- D. unhybridised p
Explanation
Four sigma bonds require four equivalent orbitals, so one s and three p orbitals mix to give four sp3 hybrids pointing to the corners of a tetrahedron with bond angles of 109.5 degrees. Alkenes use sp2 with 120 degree angles and alkynes sp with a linear 180 degree arrangement. Counting the sigma bonds and lone pairs on an atom is the quickest way to assign hybridisation.
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About Alkanes
Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons containing only carbon-carbon and carbon-hydrogen single bonds, with the general formula CnH2n+2 for open chains. Their structure, isomerism, IUPAC nomenclature, physical properties, combustion, free-radical halogenation and conformations are covered, including the difference between substitution in alkanes and addition in unsaturated hydrocarbons.
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