The hepatitis B vaccine now in use is made by
Correct answer: D. inserting the gene for a viral surface protein into yeast, which then makes that protein
- A. killing whole hepatitis B viruses with formalin
- B. growing the virus in chick embryos
- C. collecting antibodies from recovered patients
- D. inserting the gene for a viral surface protein into yeast, which then makes that protein
Explanation
Only the surface antigen is produced, so the vaccine can provoke an immune response with no possibility of causing the disease and with no need to handle live virus. Vaccines of this kind are called subunit or recombinant vaccines. Collecting antibodies from recovered patients would give passive immunity for a few weeks, which is treatment rather than vaccination.
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Biotechnology applies genetic engineering, cell culture and recombinant DNA methods to medicine and public health. The material includes production of insulin, vaccines and antibiotics, diagnostic techniques, gene therapy, genetically modified organisms and the ethical concerns surrounding manipulation of human genes.
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