The graph of first ionization enthalpy versus atomic number as follows:
Correct answer: B. Noble gases are at the maxima and alkali metals at the minima.
- A. Alkali metals are at the maxima and noble gases at the minima.
- B. Noble gases are at the maxima and alkali metals at the minima.
- C. Transition elements are at the maxima.
- D. Minima and maxima do not show any regular behavior.
Explanation
The correct answer is Option B: Noble gases are at the maxima and alkali metals at the minima. This is because noble gases have a complete valence shell, leading to high ionization energies, while alkali metals have a single valence electron, resulting in low ionization energies.Option A is incorrect as it mistakenly swaps the positions of alkali metals and noble gases. Option C is incorrect because transition elements do not reach maxima in ionization energy compared to main group elements. Option D is incorrect as it ignores the consistent periodic trends in ionization energy across the periodic table.
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About Periodic Properties and Trends
Periodic properties arise from electron configuration and effective nuclear charge, producing trends in atomic and ionic radius, ionization energy, electron affinity, electronegativity, metallic character and reactivity. Comparisons run across periods and down groups, with attention to common exceptions. The topic also relates these trends to the behavior of s-block and p-block elements.
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