Asked in Premeth past paper pool — Biology

The genetic code is universal across organisms.This feature is advantageous in the process of:

Correct answer: D. Synthesis of insulin from bacteria

  • A. Karyotyping
  • B. Amplification of a gene
  • C. Isolation of genes from organism
  • D. Synthesis of insulin from bacteria

Explanation

The correct answer is synthesis of insulin from bacteria. The universality of the genetic code means that the same codons code for the same amino acids across different organisms. This allows a gene from one organism, such as the human insulin gene, to be inserted into another organism, such as a bacterium, and be expressed correctly. This is the basis for producing human insulin in bacteria, which is a common practice in biotechnology.Other options are incorrect because they do not rely on the universality of the genetic code. Karyotyping is a method for organizing and studying chromosomes, gene amplification is a technique to increase gene copies, and gene isolation is a basic molecular biology procedure. None of these directly benefit from the genetic code being universal.

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Biotechnology applies genetic engineering, cell culture and recombinant DNA methods to medicine and public health. The material includes production of insulin, vaccines and antibiotics, diagnostic techniques, gene therapy, genetically modified organisms and the ethical concerns surrounding manipulation of human genes.

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