The first ionisation energy is the energy required to
Correct answer: B. remove one mole of electrons from one mole of gaseous atoms, forming gaseous unipositive ions
- A. add one electron to a gaseous atom
- B. remove one mole of electrons from one mole of gaseous atoms, forming gaseous unipositive ions
- C. break one mole of covalent bonds
- D. convert one mole of a solid into a gas
Explanation
The definition specifies the gaseous state so that no lattice or intermolecular forces interfere, and it is always endothermic because an electron must be pulled away from an attracting nucleus. Adding an electron to a gaseous atom is electron affinity, the reverse process. Second ionisation energy is always larger than the first, since the electron is being removed from a positively charged ion.
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About Periodic Properties and Trends
Periodic properties arise from electron configuration and effective nuclear charge, producing trends in atomic and ionic radius, ionization energy, electron affinity, electronegativity, metallic character and reactivity. Comparisons run across periods and down groups, with attention to common exceptions. The topic also relates these trends to the behavior of s-block and p-block elements.
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