The figure below is a pedigree that shows the inheritance of a trait, Trait G, in a family. The presence of Trait G in an individual is determined entirely by Gene G. Gene G has 2 alleles: G, which is dominant, and g, which is recessive.Each individual represented in the pedigree was assigned a number (shown below the symbol for the individual) for reference. Scientists determined that the Gene G genotype of Individual 20 is Gg and that the Gene G genotype of Individual 21 is gg. Based on this information, the scientists concluded that Trait G is a dominant trait.Based on the figure, the 2 individuals in which of the following pairs most likely have the greatest genetic similarity across their genomes?
Correct answer: B. Individual 12 and Individual 13
- A. Individual 3 and Individual 4
- B. Individual 12 and Individual 13
- C. Individual 16 and Individual 24
- D. Individual 18 and Individual 21
Explanation
The best answer is B. In order to answer this item, the examinee must know that the more closely related two individuals are to each other, the greater the genetic similarity is likely to be. According to the figure, Individuals 12 and 13 are sisters and would likely have the greatest genetic similarity.
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About Scientific Reasoning
Scientific reasoning evaluates hypotheses through observations, variables, controls, measurements and experimental results. Questions involve identifying independent and dependent variables, recognising a fair test, interpreting tables or graphs, distinguishing evidence from opinion, and deciding whether data supports, rejects or leaves a hypothesis unresolved.
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Passage IThe figure below is a pedigree that shows the inheritance of a trait, Trait G, in a family. The presence of Trait G in an individual is determined entirely by Gene G. Gene G has 2 alleles: G, which is dominant, and g, which is recessive.Each individual represented in the pedigree was assigned a number (shown below the symbol for the individual) for reference. Scientists determined that the Gene G genotype of Individual 20 is gg and that the Gene G genotype of Individual 21 is Gg. Based on this information, the scientists concluded that Trait G is a recessive trait.Suppose that Individual 23 and Individual 24 have 4 biological children. Based on the figure, how many of the children, if any, have Trait G?
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