The element with highest electron affinity belongs to
Correct answer: B. Period 3, group 17
- A. Period 2, group 17
- B. Period 3, group 17
- C. Period 2, group 18
- D. Period 2, group 1
Explanation
Electron affinity refers to the energy change that occurs when an electron is added to a neutral atom. Group 17 elements, also known as halogens, are known for their high electron affinity because gaining an electron allows them to achieve a stable noble gas configuration. Chlorine, in period 3, group 17, has the highest electron affinity among the elements. Although fluorine in period 2, group 17, also has a high electron affinity, it is slightly less than chlorine due to stronger electron-electron repulsion in the smaller 2p orbital. Group 18 elements are noble gases with complete valence shells, making them uninterested in gaining electrons, while group 1 elements prefer to lose an electron, thus having low electron affinity.
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About Periodic Properties and Trends
Periodic properties arise from electron configuration and effective nuclear charge, producing trends in atomic and ionic radius, ionization energy, electron affinity, electronegativity, metallic character and reactivity. Comparisons run across periods and down groups, with attention to common exceptions. The topic also relates these trends to the behavior of s-block and p-block elements.
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