Statements: No bird is fish. All birds are animals. Conclusions: I. No animal is fish. II. Some animals are not fish. III. Some fish are birds.
Correct answer: D. Only II
- A. None
- B. Only I
- C. I and II
- D. Only II
Explanation
The correct answer is 'Only II'. Here is why: Conclusion I suggests that no animal is a fish, which does not logically follow since the only information given is about birds. We cannot make a general statement about all animals. Conclusion II states that some animals are not fish, which is true because all birds are animals, and no bird is a fish. Therefore, the birds, which are a subset of animals, are not fish. Conclusion III is incorrect because it contradicts the statement that no bird is a fish.
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About Logical Deductions
Logical deductions require conclusions to be drawn from stated facts, conditions and relationships without adding outside information. The work includes handling all, some and none statements, necessary and sufficient conditions, ordering restrictions, true or false conclusions, and the difference between what must be true and what could be true.
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