Statements: All ladders are steps. Some steps are stairs. Conclusions: I. Some ladders are stairs. II. Some steps are ladders.
Correct answer: A. Only II
- A. Only II
- B. Only I
- C. None
- D. Both
Explanation
From the statements: 'All ladders are steps' and 'Some steps are stairs', we can deduce that some steps are indeed ladders. Therefore, Conclusion II, 'Some steps are ladders', is correct. However, there is no direct logical link provided between ladders and stairs, so Conclusion I, 'Some ladders are stairs', cannot be deduced from the information given. Option A is correct as only Conclusion II follows logically.
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About Logical Deductions
Logical deductions require conclusions to be drawn from stated facts, conditions and relationships without adding outside information. The work includes handling all, some and none statements, necessary and sufficient conditions, ordering restrictions, true or false conclusions, and the difference between what must be true and what could be true.
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