Statements: All books are papers. No paper is plastic. Conclusions: I. No book is plastic. II. All papers are books. III. Some plastics are books
Correct answer: B. Only I
- A. I and II
- B. Only I
- C. Only II
- D. All follow
Explanation
To evaluate the conclusions, we must analyze the logical relationships in the statements: 'All books are papers' and 'No paper is plastic.' From these, we can derive conclusion I: 'No book is plastic.' Since books are a subset of papers, and no paper is plastic, it follows that no book can be plastic. Conclusion II, 'All papers are books,' is incorrect because it incorrectly reverses the subset relationship stated in the first statement. Conclusion III, 'Some plastics are books,' is invalid as it contradicts the statement 'No paper is plastic.' Therefore, only conclusion I is logically consistent with the given statements.
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About Logical Deductions
Logical deductions require conclusions to be drawn from stated facts, conditions and relationships without adding outside information. The work includes handling all, some and none statements, necessary and sufficient conditions, ordering restrictions, true or false conclusions, and the difference between what must be true and what could be true.
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