Industrial ethanol is manufactured from ethene by
Correct answer: D. direct hydration with steam over a phosphoric acid catalyst
- A. fermentation with yeast
- B. oxidation with acidified dichromate
- C. reduction with hydrogen
- D. direct hydration with steam over a phosphoric acid catalyst
Explanation
Steam and ethene are passed over phosphoric acid at about 300 degrees Celsius and 60 atmospheres, giving a pure product continuously from a petroleum feedstock. Fermentation is the alternative route, renewable and much older, but slower and giving a dilute product that must be distilled. The choice between them is essentially economic.
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About Alcohols
Alcohols contain a hydroxyl group attached to a saturated carbon atom and are classified as primary, secondary or tertiary. Their nomenclature, hydrogen bonding, acidity, oxidation, dehydration, reaction with sodium and conversion to haloalkanes are covered, along with the distinction between alcohols and phenols, where the hydroxyl group is attached directly to an aromatic ring.
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