In the ammonium ion, all four nitrogen to hydrogen bonds are identical even though one was formed as a dative bond because
Correct answer: B. once formed, the origin of the electron pair no longer affects the bond
- A. the dative bond breaks immediately
- B. once formed, the origin of the electron pair no longer affects the bond
- C. nitrogen changes its hybridisation
- D. one hydrogen leaves the ion
Explanation
A bond is defined by the shared pair between the two nuclei, not by which atom supplied the electrons, so experimentally the four bonds have the same length and strength. The nitrogen is sp3 hybridised and the ion is tetrahedral. This is a favourite examination point because the formation and the final structure are so easily confused.
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About Sigma and Pi Bonds
A sigma bond forms by direct end-to-end overlap along the internuclear axis, whereas a pi bond forms by sideways overlap of parallel orbitals. The topic covers single, double and triple bonds, bond composition, restricted rotation and the relation between sigma and pi bonding and orbital hybridisation.
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