A pi bond is weaker than a sigma bond because
Correct answer: B. sideways overlap of p orbitals is less effective than head on overlap
- A. it involves fewer electrons
- B. sideways overlap of p orbitals is less effective than head on overlap
- C. it is formed between different elements
- D. it has no electron density
Explanation
Sideways overlap concentrates less electron density between the nuclei than end on overlap does, so the pi bond is easier to break, which is why alkenes are far more reactive than alkanes. Both bond types involve two electrons. This is also why the pi bond of a double bond is the one that opens during addition reactions.
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About Sigma and Pi Bonds
A sigma bond forms by direct end-to-end overlap along the internuclear axis, whereas a pi bond forms by sideways overlap of parallel orbitals. The topic covers single, double and triple bonds, bond composition, restricted rotation and the relation between sigma and pi bonding and orbital hybridisation.
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