In fresh water bodies, eutrophication occurs due to the accumulation of:

Explanation

Eutrophication is the process by which a body of water becomes overly enriched with minerals and nutrients, leading to excessive growth of algae and plants. The primary contributors to this process are inorganic nutrients like nitrates and phosphates, often from agricultural runoff or wastewater discharge. These nutrients provide the essential elements for plant growth, resulting in an imbalance in the aquatic ecosystem. Toxic gases, heavy metals, and plastic garbage are environmental pollutants, but they do not contribute to the nutrient-based process of eutrophication. Toxic gases affect air quality, heavy metals can poison water and organisms, and plastic garbage leads to physical contamination and harm to marine life, but none of these cause the nutrient enrichment that defines eutrophication.