In a uniform open channel, the normal depth is the depth at which the:
Correct answer: B. Friction slope equals bed slope
- A. Discharge is zero
- B. Friction slope equals bed slope
- C. Froude number equals one
- D. Pressure head is zero
Explanation
At normal depth, the flow depth remains constant because the energy slope or friction slope balances the channel bed slope. A Froude number of one identifies critical flow, not necessarily uniform flow.
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Hydraulics studies fluid properties, pressure, buoyancy, continuity, Bernoulli's equation, momentum, pipe flow, open-channel flow and hydraulic machines. Water resources extends these principles to pumps, turbines, reservoirs, irrigation, floods and hydrology, while distinguishing laminar from turbulent flow and uniform from gradually varied channel flow.
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