For a spillway crest controlled by a free nappe, increasing the upstream head generally causes the discharge to:
Correct answer: D. Increase approximately as head to the three-halves power
- A. Increase linearly with channel width only
- B. Decrease approximately as head to the three-halves power
- C. Remain constant at every head
- D. Increase approximately as head to the three-halves power
Explanation
For a broad class of sharp-crested spillways and weirs, discharge varies approximately as H raised to 3/2. The coefficient and crest geometry also affect the exact discharge, so the relationship is not simply constant or controlled by width alone.
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Hydraulics studies fluid properties, pressure, buoyancy, continuity, Bernoulli's equation, momentum, pipe flow, open-channel flow and hydraulic machines. Water resources extends these principles to pumps, turbines, reservoirs, irrigation, floods and hydrology, while distinguishing laminar from turbulent flow and uniform from gradually varied channel flow.
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