Direct conversion of solids into vapors is called

Explanation

Sublimation (Option B):Sublimation is a phase transition process where a substance transitions directly from its solid state to its gaseous state without passing through the liquid phase.Under specific temperature and pressure conditions, certain solids possess a vapor pressure that exceeds atmospheric pressure, allowing them to sublime. During sublimation, the solid substance bypasses the liquid phase and transforms into a vapor.Why the other options are incorrect:(a) Solvent extraction: Solvent extraction refers to a method of separating compounds based on their solubility in different solvents. It does not involve the direct conversion of solids into vapors.(d) Vaporization: Vaporization is a general term encompassing both evaporation (conversion of liquids to vapors) and sublimation (conversion of solids to vapors). However, vaporization specifically refers to the phase transition of liquids to vapors and doesn't specifically denote the direct conversion of solids into vapors.(c) Crystallization: Crystallization is a process where dissolved solutes in a solvent form crystals as the solvent evaporates or cools, but it does not involve the direct conversion of solids into vapors