Diphtheria vaccines are an example of:
Correct answer: B. Toxoid vaccine
- A. Inactivated vaccine
- B. Toxoid vaccine
- C. Subunit vaccine
- D. Live, attenuated vaccine
Explanation
Toxoid vaccines, such as those for diphtheria and tetanus, contain inactivated toxins produced by bacteria. These vaccines do not target the bacteria but rather the harmful effects of the toxins they produce. Inactivated vaccines, however, use killed pathogens, primarily viruses, to elicit an immune response. Subunit vaccines use fragments of the pathogen, while live, attenuated vaccines use weakened forms of the whole virus or bacteria. The diphtheria vaccine specifically uses a toxoid to neutralize the effects of the toxin produced by the bacteria.
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About Specific Defense Mechanism
Specific defense mechanisms provide targeted immunity through B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, antibodies and memory cells that recognize particular antigens. Questions cover humoral and cell mediated responses, clonal selection, primary and secondary immune responses, vaccination and passive immunity, while distinguishing adaptive defenses from the immediate, non specific innate response.
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