Consider the following for the effusion of any gas through a pin-hole I. Rate of effusion is directly proportional to the area of the orifice.II. Rate of effusion is directly proportional to pressure. III. Rate of effusion is dependent of molar mass. IV. Rate of effusion is inversely proportional to square root of temperature. Which one of the following is correct?
Correct answer: B. I, II & IV only
- A. I, II & III only
- B. I, II & IV only
- C. I & II only
- D. I, II, III & IV all
Explanation
This option is correct, as explained below. Statement IV is correct because the rate of effusion is inversely proportional to square root of temperature. Statements I and II are correct because the rate of effusion is directly proportional to the area of the orifice and to the square root of pressure. Statements III Rate of effusion is dependent of molar mass is incorrect. This is because the rate of effusion depends only on the speed of the gas molecules and not on their mass. According to Graham's law, the rate of effusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of its molar mass. Therefore, lighter gases effuse faster than heavier gases.
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About Kinetic Molecular Theory
Kinetic molecular theory explains gases as rapidly moving particles separated by large distances, with negligible volume and negligible intermolecular attraction in the ideal model. It relates temperature to average kinetic energy and explains gas pressure, Boyle's and Charles's laws, diffusion, effusion and the conditions under which real gases deviate from ideal behavior.
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