Chlorine Cl when attached to benzene has________?
Correct answer: B. -1 and +R effect
- A. +I and +R effect
- B. -1 and +R effect
- C. +1 and -R effect
- D. -I and -R effect
Explanation
Chlorine withdraws electron density through sigma bonds because of its electronegativity, giving a -I effect. Its lone pair can also be donated into the benzene pi system by resonance, giving a +R effect, although chlorine is overall deactivating. The likely distractor is option d, which incorrectly assigns a -R effect and ignores lone-pair donation.
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About Benzene and Aromatic Compounds
Benzene has a planar ring of delocalised π electrons, giving aromatic stability and equal carbon-carbon bond lengths. The topic covers resonance, electrophilic substitution reactions such as nitration, halogenation, sulphonation and Friedel-Crafts reactions, along with substituent effects and the distinction between substitution in benzene and addition in ordinary alkenes.
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