Chlorination of water may be harmful if the water contains ?

Explanation

Option (d) is correct because chlorination of water containing any of these substances can be harmful due to the formation of disinfection by-products.Now we'll look at why other options are incorrect.(a) Ammonia: Chlorination of water containing ammonia can produce harmful disinfection by-products (DBPs) such as chloramines. Chloramines are less effective disinfectants than free chlorine and can also cause health issues, including respiratory problems and eye irritation.(b) Dissolved Oxygen: Chlorination of water containing dissolved oxygen can lead to the formation of trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs), which are harmful DBPs. THMs and HAAs are associated with an increased risk of cancer and other health problems.(c) Carbon Dioxide: Chlorination of water containing carbon dioxide can lead to the formation of additional DBPs such as chloroform. Chloroform is a carcinogen and can also cause liver and kidney damage.(Environmental chemistry,Components of Environment)