Carbon differs markedly from the other members of group IV mainly because it
Correct answer: A. is small, has no available d orbitals and forms strong multiple bonds with itself
- A. is small, has no available d orbitals and forms strong multiple bonds with itself
- B. has a much larger atomic radius
- C. is a metal
- D. has a full outer shell
Explanation
Its small size lets carbon form stable double and triple bonds and catenate into long chains, which is the basis of the whole of organic chemistry, while the absence of d orbitals limits it to a maximum covalency of four. Silicon and the heavier members can expand their octets using d orbitals, so silicon forms SiF6 2- while carbon cannot form the analogous ion. Carbon has four outer electrons, not a full shell.
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About Reactions of Group IV Elements
Group IV, or Group 14, chemistry covers the trends from carbon and silicon to tin and lead, including their reactions with oxygen, halogens, water, acids and alkalis. It also examines the structures and properties of their oxides and chlorides, oxidation states, and the inert pair effect, rather than treating all members as equally metallic.
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