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Anything that influences the valence electrons will affect the chemistry of the element. Which of the following factors does not affect the valence shell?

Correct answer: C. Nuclear mass

  • A. Valence principal quantum number (n)
  • B. Nuclear charge (Z)
  • C. Nuclear mass
  • D. Number of core electrons

Explanation

The correct answer is Nuclear mass. The mass of the nucleus, composed of protons and neutrons, does not directly affect the valence electrons or their energy levels. The valence principal quantum number (n) determines the energy level of the valence electrons. Nuclear charge (Z) impacts the attraction between the nucleus and the valence electrons, influencing their energy and reactivity. The number of core electrons contributes to the shielding effect, which affects the effective nuclear charge felt by the valence electrons. Therefore, Nuclear mass is the only factor that does not affect the valence shell directly.

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About Periodic Properties and Trends

Periodic properties arise from electron configuration and effective nuclear charge, producing trends in atomic and ionic radius, ionization energy, electron affinity, electronegativity, metallic character and reactivity. Comparisons run across periods and down groups, with attention to common exceptions. The topic also relates these trends to the behavior of s-block and p-block elements.

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