An estimator is called unbiased when its:
Correct answer: C. Expected value equals the population parameter
- A. Variance is always equal to zero
- B. Observed value equals every sample value
- C. Expected value equals the population parameter
- D. Standard error increases with sample size
Explanation
An unbiased estimator has an expected value equal to the parameter it estimates. Unbiasedness concerns systematic error and does not require the estimator to have zero variance.
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Sampling covers population and sample, sampling frames, simple random, systematic, stratified, cluster and convenience methods, along with sampling and non-sampling errors. Estimation includes sample statistics, population parameters, point estimates, confidence intervals and margins of error, with attention to how sample size affects precision.
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