Ammonia may be prepared by heating ammonium chloride with_______________?
Correct answer: C. Aqueous sodium hydroxide
- A. Water
- B. NaCl
- C. Aqueous sodium hydroxide
- D. H2SO4
Explanation
Heating ammonium chloride with aqueous sodium hydroxide gives ammonia, water and sodium chloride: NH4Cl + NaOH → NH3 + H2O + NaCl. The hydroxide ion removes a proton from ammonium ion, releasing NH3 gas. Students may choose d because acids are associated with salt reactions, but H2SO4 would retain ammonia as an ammonium salt rather than liberate it.
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About Reactions of Group I Elements
Group I elements have one valence electron, so their reactivity increases down the group as ionisation energy decreases. Their reactions with water, oxygen, hydrogen and halogens produce hydroxides, oxides, hydrides and halides, while the behaviour of lithium differs from the heavier metals because of its small ionic size.
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