All of the following statements are matched correctly for ionic and covalent bonds EXCEPT:
Correct answer: C. Ionic bonds are directional, while covalent bonds are non-directional.
- A. Ionic bonds are formed between atoms of elements with very different electronegativities, while covalent bonds are formed between atoms of elements with similar electronegativities.
- B. Covalent compounds have low melting and boiling points, whereas ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points.
- C. Ionic bonds are directional, while covalent bonds are non-directional.
- D. Covalent compounds are poor conductors of electricity, whereas ionic compounds are good conductors of electricity when molten or in solution.
Explanation
Ionic bonds are formed between atoms of different elements with very different electronegativities. The more electronegative atom will attract the electrons from the less electronegative atom, forming a positively charged ion (cation) and a negatively charged ion (anion). The attraction between the oppositely charged ions is what holds the ionic bond together. Because ionic bonds are formed by the transfer of electrons, they are not directional. The ions are attracted to each other regardless of their orientation. Covalent bonds are formed between atoms of the same element or of elements with similar electronegativities. The atoms share electrons in order to complete their valence shells. The shared electrons are attracted to the nuclei of both atoms, which is what holds the covalent bond together. So this is directional.
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