A study finds that nurses who receive a new training programme have fewer medication errors. Which design feature provides the strongest support that the training caused the reduction?
Correct answer: C. Nurses were randomly assigned to training groups
- A. The nurses selected the training themselves
- B. The study measured errors after training only
- C. Nurses were randomly assigned to training groups
- D. The training group was larger than the control group
Explanation
Random assignment helps balance known and unknown confounding factors between groups. Self-selection and measuring outcomes only after training can leave alternative explanations for the finding.
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About Epidemiology and Biostatistics
Epidemiology examines the distribution and causes of disease by person, place and time, using measures such as incidence, prevalence, mortality and case-fatality rates. Biostatistics covers data presentation, sampling, averages, variability, probability and interpretation of study results, while distinguishing association from causation.
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