A stage of mitosis is shown in the diagram. Which stage is it and what are its characteristics?
Correct answer: B. Metaphase - Chromosomes moved to spindle equator, chromosomes made up of two sister chromatids
- A. Metaphase - Spindle fibers attached to kinetochores, centromeres split and chromatids separate
- B. Metaphase - Chromosomes moved to spindle equator, chromosomes made up of two sister chromatids
- C. Anaphase - Centromeres split and chromatids separate and start moving away
- D. Late prophase - Chromosomes move to spindle equator
Explanation
Each metaphase chromosome is a duplicated structure which consists of two sister chromatids, attached at a point called centromere or primary constriction. The centromere has special area, the kinetochore, with specific base arrangement and special proteins where kinetochore fibers of mitotic apparatus attach. The kinetochore fibers of spindle attach to the kinetochore region (specialized area in centromere) of chromosome, and align them at the equator of the spindle forming equatorial plate or metaphase plate.
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Animal, plant, prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are compared through their membranes, cell walls, nuclei and cytoplasmic organelles. The work includes the structures and functions of mitochondria, chloroplasts, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and lysosomes, as well as chromosome organization and the distinction between chromatin and chromosomes.
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