A patient with prolonged diarrhoea has muscle weakness, abdominal cramps and flattened T waves on the ECG. Which electrolyte imbalance is most likely?
Correct answer: B. Hypokalaemia caused by gastrointestinal losses
- A. Hypercalcaemia caused by fluid loss
- B. Hypokalaemia caused by gastrointestinal losses
- C. Hypermagnesaemia caused by poor absorption
- D. Hypernatraemia caused by excessive potassium loss
Explanation
Diarrhoea commonly causes potassium loss, producing weakness, muscle cramps and ECG changes such as flattened T waves. Severe hypokalaemia can cause dangerous dysrhythmias, so replacement and cardiac monitoring may be required.
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About Gastrointestinal and Liver Nursing
Covers nursing care for peptic ulcer disease, gastroenteritis, inflammatory bowel disease, intestinal obstruction, hepatitis, cirrhosis and portal hypertension. It includes nutrition, fluid and electrolyte management, abdominal assessment, gastrointestinal bleeding, ascites and hepatic encephalopathy, which must be distinguished from other causes of altered consciousness.
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