A patient has a valid and applicable advance decision refusing a specified life-sustaining treatment if the patient later lacks capacity. The patient now lacks capacity and the clinical situation matches the decision. What should the nurse do?

In England, a patient with capacity tells the nurse, “I do not want my partner told about my diagnosis.” The partner asks for an update. What should the nurse do?

An adult patient lacks capacity and repeatedly pulls at an essential intravenous line. Staff hold the patient’s arms briefly to prevent immediate harm. Which condition must apply for this action to be lawful under the Mental Capacity Act?

A patient lacks capacity to decide about a necessary procedure. The patient has no applicable advance decision and no health and welfare attorney. Which action is required?

A 15-year-old in England understands the nature, purpose and consequences of a proposed minor procedure and wishes to consent. What is the most appropriate action?

A patient with dementia refuses assistance with washing. The patient can understand, retain and weigh the information about the choice and communicate a clear decision. What should the nurse do?

A patient lacks capacity to decide whether to move to a quieter room. The move is likely to reduce distress, and the patient’s previous wishes support it. Which action best meets the Mental Capacity Act?