A dielectric inserted between the plates of a charged, isolated capacitor causes the potential difference to

  • A. increase
  • B. decrease, because the capacitance rises while the charge is fixed
  • C. stay the same
  • D. become zero

Explanation

With the capacitor disconnected the charge cannot change, and since V equals Q over C, raising the capacitance must lower the voltage. The dielectric molecules polarise and set up a field opposing the original one, which is the physical reason for the drop. If instead the capacitor stayed connected to a battery, the voltage would be fixed and the charge would rise.

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