Free Macromolecules MCQs with Answers

• A. Gluconic acid
• B. Glucaric acid
• C. Glycolic acid
• D. Oxalic acid

Explanation: Nitric acid is a strong oxidizing agent. It oxidizes both the aldehyde group at C-1 and the primary alcohol group at C-6 of glucose to…

• A. Amino acids
• B. Ethers
• C. Esters
• D. Cycloparaffins

Explanation: Proteins are polymers made up of amino acid monomers linked together by peptide bonds.

• A. Guanine
• B. Thymine
• C. Adenine
• D. Thyroxine

Explanation: The five common nitrogenous bases found in nucleotides are adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), thymine (T), and uracil (U).

• A. C1 and C5
• B. C1 and C4
• C. C1 and C3
• D. C2 and C5

Explanation: The cyclic form of glucose is created through an intramolecular reaction.

• A. Calcium ions
• B. Potassium ions
• C. Sodium ions
• D. Magensium ions

Explanation: The primary cation in the extracellular fluid (the fluid outside the cells, including blood plasma) is the sodium ion (Na+).

• A. Simple proteins
• B. Compound proteins
• C. Derived proteins
• D. All of the above

Explanation: Proteins are classified based on their composition and chemical properties.

• A. 2-3
• B. 3-7
• C. 5-20
• D. 20-25

Explanation: Monosaccharides are the simplest sugars containing 3 to 7 carbon atoms.

• A. Glucose and fructose
• B. Sucrose
• C. Fructose and maltose
• D. Galactose

Explanation: A reducing sugar must have a free hemiacetal group. In sucrose, the anomeric carbons of both the glucose and fructose units are involved…

• A. Proline
• B. Histidine
• C. Glycine
• D. Lysine

Explanation: The above structure represents histidine, as it has five carbon ring structures along -CH2 attached as a radical group.

• A. Primary structure
• B. Secondary structure
• C. Tertiary structure
• D. Quaternary structure

Explanation: The secondary structure of proteins includes α-helices and β-sheets. These structures form due to hydrogen bonding between NH and CO…

• A. Carbohydrates
• B. Lipids
• C. Enzymes
• D. Amino acids

Explanation: Alanine, lysine, and tryptophan are all building blocks of proteins. Each is a distinct amino acid with its own structure and properties.

• A. Ester linkage
• B. Peptide linkage
• C. Carbide linkage
• D. Azide linkage

Explanation: A peptide linkage is a chemical bond formed between two molecules when the carboxyl group of one molecule reacts with the amino group of…

• A. Zwitter ion
• B. Amphoteric ion
• C. Cation
• D. Anion

Explanation: A zwitter ion is a compound with no overall electrical charge, but which contains separate parts which are positively and negatively…

• A. Gly-Ala (dipeptide)
• B. Asp-Gly (dipeptide)
• C. Gly-Val (dipeptide)
• D. Asp-Val (dipeptide)

Explanation: Glycine is HO2CCH2NH2 and Alanine is CH3-CH(NH2)-COOH. Hence, these two amino acids form a dipeptide bond.

• A. A Option
• B. B Option
• C. C Option
• D. D Option

Explanation: This structure features a methyl group as a side chain. Alanine is CH3-CH(NH2)-COOH.

• A. Glycyl glycine
• B. Glycyl alanine
• C. Alaninyl alanine
• D. Alaninyl glycine

Explanation: Left residue is glycine (-CH2-NH2), right residue is alanine (α- C bears a CH3).

• A. Option A
• B. Option B
• C. Option C
• D. Option D

Explanation: Aspartic acid has an α-amino and α-carboxyl plus a side chain CH2-COOH, i.e. H2N-CH( CH2-COOH )-COOH, which matches structure C.

• A. Peptide Bond
• B. Ionic Bond
• C. Metallic Bond
• D. Disulfide Bond

Explanation: Option A is correct, as within a protein chain, each amino acid is linked to each other by a peptide bond which is a covalent bond.Options…

• A. Valine
• B. Alanine
• C. Glycine
• D. Cysteine

Explanation: Glycine is the simplest amino acid and the only one without a chiral center.

• A. RNA
• B. Protein
• C. DNA
• D. All of the above

Explanation: DNA is the polymer of nucleotides that carry genetic information in the sequence of nucleotide bases.