Free Biotechnology MCQs with Answers

• A. a single essential amino acid
• B. protein rich biomass grown from microorganisms for food and feed
• C. a strand of DNA
• D. an industrial enzyme

Explanation: Bacteria, yeasts and algae can be farmed on cheap substrates to yield protein far faster than crops or livestock.

• A. bioremediation
• B. vaccination
• C. fermentation
• D. electrophoresis

Explanation: Oil spills and industrial wastes can be cleaned by microbes that feed on the contaminants, a gentle alternative to chemical treatment.

• A. cloning
• B. hybridisation
• C. pollination
• D. in vitro fertilisation

Explanation: IVF brings gametes together in a dish, and the resulting embryo is then placed in the uterus.

• A. ovary
• B. vagina
• C. uterus
• D. kidney

Explanation: The uterus is the organ of implantation and pregnancy, so the embryo must reach it to develop.

• A. genetic disorders of the fetus
• B. the mother's blood pressure
• C. the father's blood group
• D. the colour of the fetus's eyes

Explanation: Amniocentesis collects fetal cells from the fluid for karyotyping and biochemical tests, revealing chromosome disorders before birth.

• A. grow the crop without water
• B. spray herbicide to kill weeds without damaging the crop
• C. skip photosynthesis
• D. avoid all insect pests

Explanation: The crop carries a gene that withstands a broad spectrum herbicide, so spraying clears weeds while the crop survives.

• A. works without binding to any receptor
• B. contains DNA as well as protein
• C. has exactly the human amino acid sequence and rarely causes allergic reactions
• D. never needs injection

Explanation: Animal insulins differ slightly in sequence and can provoke immune reactions, while bacterial factories produce authentic human insulin in…

• A. biometry
• B. bioenergetics
• C. biogeography
• D. bioinformatics

Explanation: Bioinformatics grew out of the genome projects, applying software to sequences and protein structures.

• A. Random sites
• B. Specific recognition sequences
• C. Only ends
• D. Only bacterial DNA

Explanation: Restriction endonucleases recognize and cut at specific palindromic DNA sequences.

• A. Cut DNA
• B. Amplify DNA
• C. Sequence DNA
• D. Translate DNA

Explanation: Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) amplifies specific DNA sequences exponentially.

• A. DNA polymerase I
• B. Taq polymerase
• C. RNA polymerase
• D. Reverse transcriptase

Explanation: Taq polymerase (from Thermus aquaticus) is heat-stable and used in PCR to withstand denaturation temperatures.

• A. Sequence
• B. Size
• C. Charge only
• D. GC content

Explanation: DNA fragments are separated by size (smaller fragments move faster) through an agarose gel matrix.

• A. Pig pancreas
• B. Human cadavers
• C. Recombinant bacteria
• D. Synthetic chemistry only

Explanation: Human insulin is produced by recombinant DNA technology using E. coli or yeast with the human insulin gene.

• A. Cut DNA
• B. Join DNA fragments
• C. Copy DNA
• D. Separate DNA strands

Explanation: DNA ligase seals nicks in DNA by forming phosphodiester bonds, joining DNA fragments together.

• A. DNA template
• B. RNA template
• C. Protein template
• D. Lipid template

Explanation: Complementary DNA (cDNA) is synthesized from mRNA using reverse transcriptase; it lacks introns.

• A. Multipotent
• B. Pluripotent
• C. Unipotent
• D. Differentiated

Explanation: Pluripotent stem cells (e.g., embryonic stem cells) can differentiate into any of the three germ layers.

• A. Integrated disease management
• B. Hydroponic culture technique
• C. Pasteurization
• D. Bioremediation

Explanation: Bioremediation uses living organisms, especially microorganisms or plants, to break down, remove, or detoxify environmental pollutants.

• A. Louis Pasture
• B. Edward Jenner
• C. Jaber Ibn Hayan
• D. Aristotle

Explanation: Edward Jenner developed the first successful vaccine by using cowpox material to provide protection against smallpox.

• A. It is used to preserve yogurt and milk
• B. It was developed by Louis Pasteur.
• C. It involves heating the substance at high temperature for just few sec.
• D. It can be used to preserve vegetables and meat.

Explanation: Pasteurization is mainly used for liquids such as milk and fruit juice, using controlled heating to destroy harmful microorganisms without…

• A. Tissue culture techniques
• B. Cloning
• C. Pasterisation
• D. Hydroponic culture technique

Explanation: Hydroponic culture grows plants without soil by supplying water, mineral nutrients and suitable environmental conditions directly to the…