Why X-rays are used in crystallography?

Explanation

Crystallography is the study of the arrangement of atoms in crystals. X-ray crystallography is a technique used to determine the structure of crystals by analyzing the diffraction pattern produced when X-rays are scattered by the atoms in the crystal lattice. When X-rays are directed at a crystal, they are diffracted by the atoms in the crystal lattice, producing a diffraction pattern that can be used to determine the positions of the atoms in the crystal. The spacing between the atoms in the crystal lattice is on the order of the wavelength of x-rays, making x-rays ideal for this application. The diffraction pattern produced by X-ray crystallography contains information about the positions of the atoms in the crystal, as well as their arrangement and orientation. This information can be used to determine the structure of the crystal, including the positions of the atoms and the bonds between them. X-ray crystallography is widely used in chemistry, biology, and materials science to study the structure of molecules, proteins, and other materials.