Which type of surveying error is caused by an incorrect instrument constant that affects observations in a consistent manner?
Correct answer: C. Systematic error
- A. Random error
- B. Gross error
- C. Systematic error
- D. Personal accidental error
Explanation
A consistent instrument constant produces a systematic error because its effect follows a regular pattern and can often be determined or corrected. Random errors vary irregularly, while gross errors usually result from blunders or carelessness.
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About Surveying
Surveying covers measurement of distances, angles and elevations, traversing, levelling, contouring, plane table work, theodolites, total stations and basic photogrammetry. It includes error adjustment, coordinate calculations, area and volume determination, and the distinction between accuracy and precision, as well as between temporary and permanent adjustments.
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