Which type of error tends to cancel partly when the same quantity is measured repeatedly under unchanged conditions?
Correct answer: D. Random error
- A. Systematic error
- B. Cumulative error
- C. Instrumental constant error
- D. Random error
Explanation
Random errors vary in sign and magnitude, so repeated observations may partly cancel through averaging. Systematic errors remain in a consistent pattern and require calibration or correction.
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Surveying covers measurement of distances, angles and elevations, traversing, levelling, contouring, plane table work, theodolites, total stations and basic photogrammetry. It includes error adjustment, coordinate calculations, area and volume determination, and the distinction between accuracy and precision, as well as between temporary and permanent adjustments.
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