Which one of the following is an appropriate name for the compound given below?
Correct answer: D. Picric acid
- A. 1,3,6-Trinitrophenol
- B. m-Nitrophenol
- C. Tartaric acid
- D. Picric acid
Explanation
Picric acid, also called 2,4,6-trinitrophenol, is a pale yellow, odorless, crystalline solid that has been used as a military explosive, as a yellow dye, and as an antiseptic. There are two functional groups in picric acids: OH and NO2. According to the priority list of Functional groups -COOH> -COOR> -CHO> -CO> -OH> -NH2 > Alkene/ Alkynes OH should be given priority, i.e., position 1, and then nitro groups are named accordingly. As OH is prioritized, we can use the name phenol as well. In this way, Nitro groups are given positions 2, 4, and 6, as illustrated below
This question appeared on the UHS MDCAT 2016 paper, which you can sit online with every answer explained.
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About Phenols
Phenols contain a hydroxyl group directly bonded to an aromatic ring, making them more acidic than alcohols because the phenoxide ion is resonance-stabilised. Reactions include ionisation with bases, electrophilic substitution, bromination, nitration and oxidation, with attention to the difference between phenols and aliphatic alcohols.
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